Theory Assignments

Remember: Each person is primarily responsible for the theory next to their name. After you post about your own theory, you can help each other out, however:
DO NOT comment on the theories you were not assigned until the person responsible for it has had a chance to post.Once another student has responded to their theory please DO respond to their contribution
IF you think you can help them improve it (you can agree, disagree, extend, give hints, etc.).
However, when you give comments to another student please think carefully about how you do this. Make sure you:

• Know the theory well enough. If you give them feedback, you want to avoid leading your fellow student in the wrong direction!
• Don’t just answer the question for them. I can’t stress this strongly enough! The idea here it to help your fellow group member improve their answer NOT to answer the question for them. So try to give them a hint that will lead them in the right direction. Don’t simply answer the question for them.

Edited by
Stephen Druker on Feb 20 at 5:12pm
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TITLE: Social Learning Theory From the perspective of Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, the child in the final paragraph clearly exemplifies the way in which we can learn from one another through observational learning, imitation, and modeling. Although at the beginning of the story it is not initially clear to us why the child is crying in front of their TV, the last paragraph makes it abundantly obvious that the child began crying simply with the hopes of getting what he wanted – more cookies. The child did this because, through his TV, he observed a boy who successfully did just that. This process of social learning began when the child initially started
observing a model, who in this case, was the other boy he saw on TV. Although the models who are often chosen as examples for observation are typically parents, peers, and siblings, they absolutely can also be celebrities or simply other people seen on TV, as was true in this example. The child next engaged in the act of
imitation, by emulating the same kind of behavior – crying – that he had seen the boy on the screen partake in. It’s important to note that no direct reinforcement was involved in this situation at all. Neither parent made any indication to their child (who is the obvious learner in this setting) that by crying more, there was a potential for more rewards, or in this case, cookies. In fact, it was actually the model, the boy on TV, whose behavior was reinforced, as his intensifying cries made his mother give him a “whole box of cookies”. This kind of reinforcement is called
vicarious reinforcement, due to the fact that learning in a social context was emphasized instead of learning through direct reinforcement. The child simply repeated the behavior that he had seen another boy being rewarded for. This is why new behaviors, such as crying louder with the hopes of having a parent notice and thereby give them
more cookies in this instance, absolutely have the potential to be attributed to social learning without direct reinforcement ever being involved.
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From watching the slides I got a good understanding on Behaviorism (Operant Conditioning).It is basically the process that attempts to change the behavior through the use of positive and negative reinforcement. The method that is used is the learning that occurs through rewards and punishments based on the behavior of the person. A example is basically a person comes up to you and say if you take this 5 minute survey I will give you 50$ most people will do it because of the money and that is the positive reinforcement of the situation. Now let’s say the person says can you take this five minute survey and if not you will go to jail that is the negative situation. Operant conditioning plays an important role in everyone’s everyday lives, reinforcement and punishment happens everyday in our lives, it’s basically like your learning morals and how you should go about things. Now to the story, most of the characters had positive and negative behaviors starting off with little baby he is crying infront of the TV loudly after his dad sends him to watch TV at first reading the story we don’t understand why the baby is crying. After reading the story we get a understanding on why the baby was crying in front of the TV and his reasoning was that his dad would only allow him to get one cookie before dinner and he sees that on TV that the kid was allowed to eat the whole box of cookies. Now that ties into behavioral operant conditioning referring to the kid mostly, the kid is basically giving an ultimatum that if he can get more than one cookie he would stop crying and if he can not get another cookie he would continue to cry. He is using the positive and negative behavior. For example; if your crying and someone says if you stop crying I’ll buy you a gift your going to stop crying, but let’s say the person doesn’t offer anything to get you to stop crying your not going to stop crying until you want to stop crying. So basic overall you are learning from right to wrong, if you ever experience the punishment that is going to shape your idea and not want you to really evert have to go through the negative punishment so you would mostly try to stay within the positive reinforcement. Clearly from the story the kid is experiencing the negative punishment because if he wasn’t his dad would allow him to get another cookie before dinner.
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TITLE: FreudThere are many examples of Freud’s theory through this case study. When the child is crying because his dad only let him have one cookie before dinner instead of the whole box like the boy on TV got when he cried, the child is acting with the
id. The
id is one of the three parts of personality that Freud proposed. It is the largest part of the brain and the source of needs and desires, which explains the child’s desire for more cookies. The
ego is represented when the father is in the kitchen with his son and asks his son to go watch TV so he could figure out a complicated recipe. The
ego is the conscious and rational part of the brain. When the father realized he needed help and could not work on making dinner with his son there, he redirected his son’s attention to a TV show so he could call his mother. The
superego has most likely not developed yet for the child because he is only 2 ½ and the superego develops between 3 and 6 years of age. I did not see many examples of the superego in this particular case study. There are also a few
defense mechanismsseen throughout this case study. For example,
displacement is seen when the mother gets home after a long day at a job that does not fulfill her and yells at the dog for greeting her. She is projecting the hardships of her life and the frustration she feels onto the dog, which is a less threatening target.
Projection is also used as a defense mechanism when the father shouts at the mom when she picks up their son. Although he does not say anything necessarily mean, he gives her a nasty look and tells her to put him down. This is an example of the father placing unacceptable impulses (like yelling) in himself onto someone else (the mother).
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